Cameroon is one of the most beautiful African countries, known for its diverse climate and topography that range from the southern equatorial rainforest to the vast northern desert. This diversity makes Cameroon a miniature reproduction of the entire African continent. The country stretches from the shore of the Atlantic Ocean up to Chad in the north and the Central African Republic in the east. About half the size of France, or the same size as the state of Oklahoma, Cameroon encompasses two distinct ecosystems – the tropical rainforest in the south and the savanna in the center. Therefore, two types of safaris can be had here. We are pleased to represent three of the leading safari companies operating in Cameroon, offering both forest (jungle) hunts and savanna hunts.
Hunting in Cameroon stands out as one of the most unique and thrilling experiences for any serious hunter. The country’s unparalleled biodiversity, combined with its distinct ecosystems, offers hunters the chance to engage in both forest and savanna hunts, something few other African countries can provide. With access to the elusive Bongo in the dense rainforests and the legendary Lord Derby Eland in the open savannas, hunting in Cameroon offers a rich variety of game species that make it a top destination for African safaris.
One of the key reasons hunters choose hunting in Cameroon is the opportunity to pursue some of the most sought-after game species in Africa. The country is home to an impressive array of big game, including the Forest Sitatunga, Giant Forest Hog, West African Savanna Buffalo, and Western Roan. These animals are not only challenging to hunt but also represent some of the most coveted trophies in the world of hunting. Whether you’re trekking through the thick jungle in search of Bongo or scanning the savanna plains for Eland, the diversity of Cameroon hunting is second to none.
Another reason hunting in Cameroon is so highly regarded is the level of expertise and professionalism offered by the safari operators and guides. The Hunting Consortium works with three of the leading safari companies in the country, all of which provide expert guides, well-equipped camps, and a high level of service. These professional hunters and local pygmy trackers know the terrain intimately and will ensure that your Cameroon hunting safari is not only successful but also safe and enjoyable.
Additionally, hunting in Cameroon allows for a true wilderness experience. Both the savanna and forest regions remain largely untouched by modern development, giving hunters the chance to experience Africa in its most natural form. The dense rainforests of southern Cameroon are some of the most pristine and remote areas on the continent, while the open savannas in the north offer vast landscapes that are ideal for tracking big game. This unspoiled environment is a key factor that attracts hunters from around the world to Cameroon hunting safaris.
Finally, choosing hunting in Cameroon is also a choice to support conservation efforts. Cameroon has a strong commitment to sustainable hunting, with strict quotas and regulations in place to protect both the wildlife and the ecosystems they inhabit. By engaging in responsible hunting, you are helping to preserve these species for future generations, ensuring that both the animals and their habitats thrive.
For those seeking a diverse, challenging, and highly rewarding hunting experience, hunting in Cameroon offers everything a hunter could hope for. From the moment you set foot in the country, you’ll be immersed in an adventure that combines the thrill of the hunt with the beauty and wonder of one of Africa’s most ecologically rich countries.
Savanna hunting in Cameroon offers hunters an exhilarating experience across vast, open landscapes that are teeming with some of Africa’s most iconic game species. In the northeastern part of the country, the hilly savanna woodlands provide the perfect setting for tracking large game, such as the legendary Lord Derby Eland (Giant Eland), one of the most prized trophies in all of African hunting. Hunting in Cameroon’s savannas is renowned for its challenging terrain and exceptional species diversity, making it a sought-after destination for hunters from around the globe.
The primary draw of savanna hunting in Cameroon is the opportunity to pursue the Lord Derby Eland, a massive and majestic animal that roams the open woodlands. Known for its immense size and distinctive spiral horns, the Lord Derby Eland is a true test of any hunter’s skill and endurance. Alongside the Eland, hunters can also target other impressive species, including the West African Savanna Buffalo, Western Roan, Western Hartebeest, and Nigerian Bohor Reedbuck. The diversity of species available makes hunting in Cameroon’s savannas one of the most exciting adventures on the African continent.
Cameroon’s savanna hunting season typically runs from January through March, during the dry season when the game is most active and accessible. The landscape is characterized by rolling hills, scattered woodlands, and open plains, providing a visually stunning backdrop for the hunt. The open terrain of the savanna means that hunting in Cameroon often involves long-distance tracking and glassing, requiring patience and precision. This style of hunting offers a thrilling challenge for seasoned hunters who are seeking a rewarding and authentic African safari.
All of the leading safari operators in Cameroon provide deluxe camps in the savanna region, ensuring that your Cameroon hunting experience is both comfortable and well-supported. These camps are fully equipped with modern amenities, including private tents or bungalows, dining areas, and expert staff who ensure that every aspect of your hunt is taken care of. The professional hunters working in the savanna are highly experienced, offering invaluable knowledge of the terrain and the game species. Their guidance, combined with the assistance of local trackers, ensures a high success rate for those hunting in Cameroon’s savannas.
In addition to the thrilling pursuit of big game, savanna hunting in Cameroon offers hunters the opportunity to immerse themselves in the country’s natural beauty. The open landscapes are home to a variety of wildlife, and hunters can expect to encounter a range of species throughout their safari. Whether you’re tracking the giant Lord Derby Eland or watching herds of buffalo in the distance, hunting in Cameroon provides an unforgettable experience for those who seek adventure in Africa’s vast wilderness.
For hunters looking for an authentic African safari with the chance to take home some of the continent’s most coveted trophies, savanna hunting in Cameroon is the perfect choice. The combination of challenging terrain, diverse species, and exceptional hunting opportunities makes this region one of the top destinations for hunting in Cameroon.
One of the key reasons hunters are drawn to hunting in Cameroon is the incredible variety of species found in the savanna region. The expansive savannas of northern Cameroon are home to some of the most coveted game species in Africa, offering hunters the chance to pursue a wide range of trophy animals. Hunting in Cameroon’s savanna provides the opportunity to track and take some of Africa’s most challenging and iconic species, making it a prime destination for big-game enthusiasts.
The most sought-after species in the savanna region is the Central African Giant Eland, also known as the Lord Derby Eland or Giant Eland. It is one of the largest and most impressive antelope species in the world. With its massive size and spiral horns, the Giant Eland is a top target for hunters in Cameroon. Known for their elusive nature and the difficult terrain they inhabit, these majestic animals require skill and patience to track, making them a true test for any hunter.
In addition to the Central African Giant Eland, hunting in Cameroon’s savanna offers the opportunity to pursue the powerful West African Savanna Buffalo, another prized species. This species of buffalo is known for its strength and resilience, often providing a thrilling and challenging hunt. The Western Roan, with its distinctive reddish-brown coat, is another iconic species of the region, offering hunters a unique opportunity to pursue one of the largest African antelopes.
The savanna region also boasts other impressive species, including the Western Hartebeest, Nigerian Bohor Reedbuck, and Sing Sing Waterbuck. These animals, along with smaller species such as the Harnessed Bushbuck, Central African Kob, and various duikers, add to the incredible diversity of game that makes hunting in Cameroon a truly exciting experience.
Below is a list of key species you can expect to encounter while hunting in Cameroon’s savanna:
Each of these species presents its own challenges, whether it’s the elusive nature of the Central African Giant Eland or the cunning behavior of the Western Roan. Hunting in Cameroon’s savanna region offers an unparalleled opportunity to pursue a wide range of species in one of Africa’s most beautiful and diverse landscapes. With the guidance of professional hunters and local trackers, you’ll experience the thrill of tracking big game across the stunning savanna, making it an adventure you’ll never forget.
For hunters seeking a true adventure in dense, untamed wilderness, forest hunting in Cameroon provides an extraordinary experience deep within the tropical rainforests of Central Africa. The southern region of Cameroon is covered by thick, lush jungle, home to some of Africa’s most elusive and rare game species. Hunting in Cameroon’s forest regions offers the unique challenge of navigating dense vegetation and tracking animals that are highly adapted to their environment, making it a truly rewarding experience for those up to the task.
The primary target for most hunters in Cameroon’s rainforest is the Bongo, a stunningly elusive antelope with striking orange-and-white-striped fur. The Bongo is one of the most prized forest trophies in Africa, known for its elusive nature and the dense terrain it inhabits. Successfully tracking and hunting a Bongo requires patience, skill, and often the assistance of expert pygmy trackers, who possess unparalleled knowledge of the jungle and its inhabitants. This makes forest hunting in Cameroon a highly specialized pursuit, and those who succeed in harvesting a Bongo will have earned one of the most coveted trophies in the world of hunting.
In addition to the Bongo, forest hunting in Cameroon offers opportunities to hunt other remarkable species, including the Forest Sitatunga, a highly elusive swamp-dwelling antelope, and the Dwarf Forest Buffalo, a smaller but equally challenging cousin of the West African Savanna Buffalo. The Forest Sitatunga is known for its exceptional ability to move silently through the thick vegetation, making it a true test of a hunter’s tracking abilities. Meanwhile, the Dwarf Forest Buffalo presents a thrilling challenge, as it often moves through dense cover, requiring close-quarters stalking.
The tropical rainforest also shelters a wide array of other game, such as the Giant Forest Hog, Red River Hog, and a variety of duikers, including the Blue Duiker, White-Bellied Duiker, and Black-Fronted Duiker. Each of these species adds to the rich biodiversity found in Cameroon’s forests, ensuring that forest hunting in Cameroon offers a diverse and exciting range of game to pursue.
Hunts in the rainforest are typically conducted from May through June, during the start of the rainy season. The dense jungle environment presents its own set of challenges, from navigating muddy trails to enduring the humidity and occasional downpours. However, these conditions are part of the adventure, and the thrill of hunting in such a pristine and untouched environment makes it a memorable experience. Hunting in Cameroon’s forest regions requires a good level of fitness and endurance, as the terrain can be difficult, but the reward of harvesting a trophy Bongo or Forest Sitatunga is well worth the effort.
Camps in the rainforest are well-equipped, ensuring hunters have a comfortable place to rest after long days of tracking game. Many camps offer fixed structures with beds, mosquito nets, and even air conditioning in some cases. Meals are prepared by skilled cooks, often inspired by the French culinary tradition, ensuring that hunters are well taken care of while on their adventure. The professionalism of the guides, combined with the expertise of local pygmy trackers, ensures a high success rate for those hunting in Cameroon’s forests.
Whether you are seeking the elusive Bongo or the rare Forest Sitatunga, forest hunting in Cameroon offers an unparalleled opportunity to pursue some of Africa’s most challenging and unique species in one of the world’s most biodiverse regions. The combination of difficult terrain, rare game, and the expertise of your guides makes this an unforgettable hunting adventure for those who take on the challenge.
Hunting in Cameroon’s forest region is an extraordinary opportunity to pursue some of Africa’s most elusive and rare species. The dense rainforests of southern Cameroon are home to a wide array of unique animals, many of which are specifically adapted to thrive in the thick, humid jungle. This environment presents a special challenge for hunters, making forest hunting in Cameroon an adventure like no other.
The Bongo is undoubtedly the crown jewel of the rainforest, a striking antelope with vibrant orange fur and white stripes. Known for its elusive nature and the difficulty of tracking it through dense undergrowth, the Bongo is one of the most prized trophies in African hunting. Successfully hunting a Bongo is a true test of skill and perseverance, often requiring the expertise of pygmy trackers who know the forest intimately. Hunting in Cameroon provides one of the few opportunities in the world to pursue this rare species.
Alongside the Bongo, the Forest Sitatunga is another highly coveted trophy in the forest region. A swamp-dwelling antelope with incredible stealth, the Forest Sitatunga can move silently through dense vegetation and water, making it one of the most challenging species to hunt. This makes forest hunting in Cameroon particularly exciting for those seeking a test of their tracking skills.
The Dwarf Forest Buffalo, a smaller but no less formidable cousin of the West African Savanna Buffalo, also roams the rainforests. Despite its size, the Dwarf Forest Buffalo is known for its resilience and aggressive nature when threatened. This species, often hidden deep in the jungle’s shadows, provides a thrilling and challenging hunt for those daring enough to take it on.
Other species that contribute to the diversity of forest hunting in Cameroon include the Giant Forest Hog, a large and powerful animal that is rarely encountered outside of dense forests, and the Red River Hog, a visually striking species with reddish fur and facial markings. The Giant Forest Hog is particularly prized due to its size and the rarity of hunting it successfully, while the Red River Hog is known for its cunning and ability to evade hunters.
Cameroon’s rainforests are also home to several species of duiker, small forest antelopes that are often quick and elusive. Among these are the Blue Duiker, Black-Fronted Duiker, Peters Duiker, and Bay Duiker, each offering a unique challenge to hunters. Although smaller than some of the larger game species, these duikers require sharp shooting skills and excellent tracking abilities to successfully hunt in the thick jungle environment.
Here is a list of the primary species you can expect to encounter while hunting in Cameroon’s forest region:
The diversity of species available for forest hunting in Cameroon makes this one of the most exciting destinations for hunters seeking rare and elusive game. Each species presents its own set of challenges, from the dense vegetation to the unpredictable movements of the animals. With the help of expert guides and pygmy trackers, hunters will experience the thrill of tracking these animals deep into the heart of the jungle, making hunting in Cameroon’s forest region an unforgettable adventure.
With over three decades of experience organizing world-class hunting expeditions, The Hunting Consortium is proud to offer unmatched expertise in hunting in Cameroon. Our deep knowledge of both the savanna and forest regions, combined with our partnerships with the leading safari operators in the country, ensures that every client experiences a meticulously planned and expertly guided adventure. Whether you are embarking on a pursuit of the Central African Giant Eland in the savanna or the elusive Bongo in the rainforest, we have the resources and local knowledge to make your safari both successful and unforgettable.
Hunting in Cameroon is a highly specialized endeavor, and we work closely with a select group of top professional hunters and safari operators who know the terrain and species inside and out. These professionals bring years of experience and a passion for conservation, ensuring not only a successful hunt but also one that contributes positively to the sustainability of the wildlife and the local communities. Our local partners include some of the most respected names in African safari hunting, providing exceptional service, modern camps, and experienced guides who are skilled in tracking the unique game species found in Cameroon.
For those hunting in Cameroon’s forest region, we rely on the expertise of pygmy trackers—individuals with unparalleled knowledge of the dense rainforest. These trackers, born and raised in the jungle, can read the forest in ways that no one else can, giving hunters a distinct advantage when pursuing elusive species like the Bongo, Forest Sitatunga, and Giant Forest Hog. Their skills, combined with the guidance of our professional hunters, offer an extraordinary and successful jungle hunting experience.
In the savanna regions, our partnerships with seasoned guides ensure that hunters have the best chance to pursue species like the Lord Derby Eland, West African Savanna Buffalo, and Western Roan. These hunts require careful planning, as the wide open terrain demands both patience and precision. With years of experience hunting in Cameroon’s savanna, our professional hunters provide invaluable insight into the behavior of these magnificent animals and the best strategies to track and harvest them.
One of the hallmarks of The Hunting Consortium’s service is the quality of our camps and accommodations. Whether you are deep in the rainforest or in the vast savanna, our operators offer well-equipped camps that provide comfort and luxury, even in the most remote locations. From modern amenities such as private tents or bungalows to excellent meals prepared by skilled chefs, we ensure that our clients can relax and recharge after a day of hunting. Our camps are not just a place to sleep—they are an integral part of the Cameroon hunting experience, providing a perfect balance between adventure and comfort.
We also take great pride in the personalized service we offer to each of our clients. Every safari is tailored to the specific goals and preferences of the hunter, from the choice of species to the pace and style of the hunt. Our expertise in Cameroonian hunting safaris ensures that every detail is handled with care, allowing hunters to focus on the excitement of the pursuit while we manage the logistics. From obtaining permits to coordinating travel, we handle all the necessary arrangements to make your hunting in Cameroon experience as smooth and enjoyable as possible.
With decades of experience and a commitment to delivering the highest standards in hunting expeditions, The Hunting Consortium is your trusted partner for hunting in Cameroon. Our extensive knowledge of the region’s wildlife, terrain, and professional networks ensures that every client has an exceptional and successful safari. Whether you are hunting the savanna or the rainforest, our expertise and dedication to quality make us the premier choice for Cameroonian hunting safaris.
Savanna Hunts in Cameroon
Hunting in Cameroon’s savanna offers an authentic African big-game experience in wide open landscapes, with challenging terrain and vast distances to cover. Hunts in the northeastern savanna typically take place between January and March, during the dry season when game is more active and easier to spot. The landscape is characterized by rolling hills, scattered woodlands, and expansive plains, providing ideal conditions for long-distance tracking and glassing.
During a savanna hunt, the primary target is often the Central African Giant Eland (Lord Derby Eland), but hunters will also have opportunities to pursue other species, including the West African Savanna Buffalo, Western Roan, Western Hartebeest, and various antelopes. The wide variety of game ensures that each day brings new challenges and excitement.
Hunters should expect to spend long hours tracking game on foot or by vehicle, with expert guides and trackers leading the way. The open terrain of the savanna allows for clear visibility, but it also means that the animals are often highly aware of their surroundings, making it necessary for hunters to approach with caution and skill. The heat and dry conditions can be demanding, so a good level of physical fitness is recommended for those hunting in Cameroon’s savanna.
Camps in the savanna region are well-equipped, offering comfort despite the remote location. Hunters can expect to stay in deluxe, full-service camps with private tents or bungalows, complete with modern amenities such as hot showers, private bathrooms, and comfortable beds. The camps also feature dining areas where meals are prepared by skilled chefs, often inspired by French and local culinary traditions. Evenings around the campfire provide a relaxing end to a day of hunting, with plenty of time to reflect on the day’s adventures.
Forest Hunts in Cameroon
Hunting in Cameroon’s forest region presents a completely different experience, with hunts taking place in the dense, humid rainforests of southern Cameroon. The forest environment is challenging, with thick vegetation, muddy trails, and high humidity. Hunts typically occur from May to June, at the onset of the rainy season, when the jungle comes alive with activity.
Forest hunting requires a high level of patience and endurance, as the thick jungle makes it difficult to move quietly and spot game from a distance. The primary target for forest hunters is the elusive Bongo, but the rainforest also offers opportunities to hunt species such as the Forest Sitatunga, Dwarf Forest Buffalo, Giant Forest Hog, and a variety of duikers. The dense vegetation often means that hunts are conducted at close range, requiring precise shooting and quick reactions.
One of the most unique aspects of hunting in Cameroon’s forest is the use of pygmy trackers, whose deep knowledge of the jungle and its wildlife is invaluable. These expert trackers can read subtle signs of animal movement, guiding hunters through the dense underbrush to find elusive game. Their skills and experience are a key part of the success of forest hunts, and their presence adds a fascinating cultural element to the hunting experience.
Camps in the forest are well-suited to the environment, providing comfort even in the heart of the jungle. Hunters can expect permanent structures with beds, mosquito nets, and in some cases, air conditioning. These camps also feature dining areas where meals are prepared by experienced cooks, ensuring that hunters are well-fed and comfortable throughout their stay. Despite the remote location, the camps offer many modern amenities, allowing hunters to relax after a long day of tracking game through the rainforest.
In both the savanna and forest regions, hunters can rely on the expertise of professional guides and local trackers to enhance their Cameroon hunting experience. Whether navigating the wide-open spaces of the savanna or the dense jungles of the rainforest, hunters will be fully supported by a team of experts who are dedicated to making the hunt both successful and enjoyable.
The best time for hunting in Cameroon depends on whether you’re targeting game in the savanna or the forest regions, as the climate and seasons differ significantly between these two ecosystems. Understanding the seasonal variations is crucial for planning a successful safari, as it affects both the behavior of the game and the overall hunting conditions.
Savanna Hunts: January to March
The ideal time for savanna hunting in Cameroon is during the dry season, which runs from January through March. During this period, the savanna’s grasses are lower, and water sources become scarce, which draws game into more predictable areas, making it easier to spot and track them. The dry season also makes the terrain more navigable, with fewer obstacles like muddy paths and overgrown vegetation.
Hunters targeting species such as the Central African Giant Eland (Lord Derby Eland), West African Savanna Buffalo, Western Roan, and Nigerian Bohor Reedbuck will find that these animals are more active and easier to locate during this time. The warm, dry conditions of the savanna during this period are ideal for long days of tracking and stalking, often involving vehicle-supported glassing and walking hunts.
Due to the heat and physical demands of tracking game over vast distances, it’s important for hunters to be well-prepared for the dry, arid conditions. While the mornings and evenings can be cooler, the midday heat in the savanna can be intense, so proper hydration and sun protection are essential.
Forest Hunts: May to June
Forest hunting in Cameroon is best conducted between May and June, just as the rainy season begins. During this time, the forest is alive with activity, and the dense vegetation of the jungle makes for a challenging yet rewarding hunt. The onset of the rains brings cooler temperatures, but it also makes the terrain more difficult to navigate, with muddy paths and thick foliage.
The rainy season is the prime time to hunt the elusive Bongo, as well as other forest species like the Forest Sitatunga, Dwarf Forest Buffalo, and various species of duikers. These animals tend to be more active during the rains, moving through the dense forest to feed and breed, making this the ideal window for tracking them. The Bongo, in particular, is highly elusive, and this short hunting season is considered the best time to pursue this iconic forest species.
Hunters should be prepared for the physical challenges of hunting in the jungle during this time. The humidity, mud, and thick vegetation make it a physically demanding experience, requiring patience and persistence. However, the opportunity to hunt rare species in such a pristine and untouched environment makes this period ideal for those seeking a true jungle adventure.
Q: What are the best months for hunting in Cameroon?
A: The best time for hunting in Cameroon depends on the region. For savanna hunts, the ideal period is from January to March during the dry season, when game like the Central African Giant Eland and West African Savanna Buffalo are easier to spot. For forest hunts, May to June is the prime window, as the rainy season stimulates activity in species such as the Bongo and Forest Sitatunga.
Q: What species can I hunt in Cameroon?
A: Hunting in Cameroon offers an extraordinary range of species, depending on the region. In the savanna, popular targets include the Central African Giant Eland (Lord Derby Eland), West African Savanna Buffalo, Western Roan, and various antelope species. In the forest, hunters can pursue the elusive Bongo, Forest Sitatunga, Dwarf Forest Buffalo, Giant Forest Hog, Red River Hog, and several species of duiker.
Q: What is the terrain like for hunting in Cameroon?
A: The terrain varies significantly between the two regions. In the savanna, you’ll find rolling hills, woodlands, and open plains, which require long-distance tracking and stalking. The forest region is much more challenging, with dense jungle, muddy trails, and thick vegetation that often require close-range hunting. Both environments present their own unique challenges, making hunting in Cameroon an adventure for experienced hunters.
Q: Do I need a high level of fitness for hunting in Cameroon?
A: Yes, hunting in Cameroon requires a good level of fitness, especially for forest hunts. The dense, humid jungle and challenging terrain require stamina and endurance, particularly when tracking elusive species like the Bongo. In the savanna, long walks under the hot sun and the need for careful stalking can also be physically demanding, though the open terrain is less intense than the jungle environment.
Q: How are the camps in Cameroon?
A: Camps in both the savanna and forest regions are well-equipped, providing comfort even in remote locations. In the savanna, hunters stay in deluxe camps with private tents or bungalows, hot showers, and dining areas. In the forest, camps often feature permanent structures with beds, mosquito nets, and, in some cases, air conditioning. Both regions offer excellent meals prepared by experienced chefs, ensuring a comfortable stay during your Cameroon hunting safari.
Q: What equipment should I bring for hunting in Cameroon?
A: Depending on whether you are hunting in Cameroon’s savanna or forest, your gear may vary. For savanna hunts, light, breathable clothing, sun protection, and sturdy boots are essential. For forest hunts, bring waterproof gear, high-quality boots for muddy conditions, and plenty of insect repellent. It’s also important to bring appropriate calibers for larger game like Lord Derby Eland and West African Savanna Buffalo. Your outfitter will provide a detailed gear list specific to your hunt.
Q: Are there any firearm regulations for hunting in Cameroon?
A: Yes, it is important to comply with all firearm regulations when hunting in Cameroon. Hunters must ensure that their firearms are properly registered with the airline and that they have the necessary import permits for Cameroon. You should also carry documentation for your firearms, including proof of ownership and any relevant permits. The Hunting Consortium will assist with obtaining all necessary documentation and permits for your safari.
Q: What are the travel logistics for hunting in Cameroon?
A: Most hunters fly into Douala or Yaoundé, Cameroon’s main international airports. From there, depending on whether you are heading to the savanna or forest region, additional charter flights or road transfers may be required. The Hunting Consortium handles all travel logistics, ensuring a smooth transition from your arrival in Cameroon to your hunting camp.
Q: How does hunting in Cameroon contribute to conservation?
A: Hunting in Cameroon plays an important role in wildlife conservation. The government regulates hunting through strict quotas to ensure sustainable populations of game species. Hunting revenue also supports local communities, providing jobs and resources for conservation initiatives. By choosing to hunt in Cameroon, you are directly contributing to the protection of these species and their habitats.
